Charlotte Brontë, 19th Century Novelist

Best-known as the author of Jane Eyre, Charlotte Brontà « was a 19th century writer, poet, and novelist. She was also one of the three Brontà « sisters, along with Emily and Anne, famous for their literary talents.   Fast Facts: Charlotte Bronte Full Name: Charlotte Brontà «Pen Names: Lord Charles Albert Florian Wellesley, Currer BellOccupation: AuthorBorn: April 21, 1816 in Thornton, EnglandDied: March 31, 1855 in Haworth, EnglandSpouse: Arthur Bell Nicholls (m. 1854)Key Accomplishments: Brontà «, along with her two sisters, broke into the male-dominated writing world. Her masterpiece, Jane Eyre, remains immensely popular and critically acclaimed today. Early Life  and Education Brontà « was the third of six siblings born in six years to the Rev. Patrick Brontà « and his wife, Maria Branwell Brontà «. She was born at the parsonage in Thornton, Yorkshire, where her father was serving. All six children were born before the family moved in April 1820 to  the 5-room parsonage at Haworth on the moors of Yorkshire that they would call home for most of their lives. Her father had been appointed as perpetual curate there, meaning that he and his family could live in the parsonage as long as he continued his work there. The father encouraged the children to spend time in nature on the moors. Maria died the year after the youngest, Anne, was born, possibly of uterine cancer or of chronic pelvic sepsis. Maria’s older sister, Elizabeth Branwell, moved from Cornwall to help care for the children and for the parsonage. She had an income of her own. The dining room of the Bronte Parsonage Museum at Haworth Parsonage.   Christopher Furlong/Getty Images In September of 1824, the four older sisters, including Charlotte, were sent to the Clergy Daughters’ School at Cowan Bridge, a school for the daughters of impoverished clergy. The daughter of writer Hannah Moore was also in attendance. The harsh conditions of the school were later reflected in Charlotte Brontà «s novel,  Jane Eyre. A typhoid fever outbreak at the school led to several deaths, and Brontà «s sisters Maria and Elizabeth both died soon after the outbreak. Maria, the eldest daughter, had served as a mother figure for her younger siblings; Charlotte decided she needed to fulfill a similar role as the eldest surviving daughter. Creating Imaginary Lands When her brother Patrick was given some wooden soldiers as a gift in 1826, the siblings began to make up stories about the world that the soldiers lived in. They wrote the stories in tiny script, in books small enough for the soldiers, and also provided newspapers and poetry for the world they apparently first called Glasstown.  Brontà «s first known story was written in March of 1829; she and Branwell wrote most of the initial stories. Illustration of the four Bronte siblings, who supported each others imaginations.   Culture Club/Getty Images In January of 1831, she was sent to school at Roe Head, about fifteen miles from home. There she made friends of Ellen Nussey and Mary Taylor, who were to be part of her life later as well.  Brontà « excelled in school, including at French. In eighteen months, she returned home, and resumed the Glasstown saga. Meanwhile, her younger sisters, Emily  and Anne, had created their own land, Gondal, and Branwell had created a rebellion. Brontà « negotiated a truce and cooperation among the siblings. She began the Angrian stories. Brontà « also created paintings and drawings – 180 of them survive.  Her younger brother, got familial support for developing his painting skills towards a possible career, but such support was not available to the sisters. Teaching Career In July of 1835, Brontà « had an opportunity to become a teacher at Roe Head school. They offered her a tuition-free admission for one sister as payment for her services. She took Emily along, but Emily soon became ill, an illness attributed to homesickness.  Emily returned to Haworth and the youngest sister, Anne, took her place. The school moved in 1838, and Brontà « left that position in December, returning home and later calling herself â€Å"shattered.† She had continued to return to the imaginary world of Angria on holidays from school, and continued writing in that world after she moved back to the family home. In May of 1839, Brontà « briefly became a governess. She hated the role, especially the sense she had of having â€Å"no existence† as a family servant, and left in mid-June. A new curate, William Weightman, arrived in August of 1839 to assist the Rev. Brontà «. A new and young clergyman, he seems to have attracted flirting from both Charlotte and Anne Brontà «, and perhaps more attraction from Anne. Brontà « received two different proposals in 1839:  one from Henry Nussey the brother of her friend, Ellen, with whom she’d continued to correspond; the other was from an Irish minister. She turned them both down. Portrait of Charlotte Bronte, circa 1841.   Hulton Archive/Getty Images In February of 1842, Charlotte and Emily went to London and then Brussels.  They attended a school in Brussels for six months, then were both asked to stay on, serving as teachers to pay for their tuition. Charlotte taught English and Emily taught music. In September, they learned that the young Rev. Weightman had died. Elizabeth Branwell died that October, and  the four Brontà « siblings received shares of their aunt’s estate. Emily worked as a housekeeper for her father, serving in the role their aunt had taken.  Anne returned to a governess position, and Branwell followed Anne to serve with the same family as a tutor.   Brontà « returned to Brussels to teach. She felt isolated there, and perhaps fell in love with the master of the school, though her affections and interest were not returned.  She returned home at the end of a year, though she continued to write letters to the schoolmaster from England, and returned home, along with Anne. Their father needed more help in his work, as his vision was failing.  Branwell had also returned, in disgrace, and declined in health as he increasingly turned to alcohol and opium. Writing for Publication In 1845, Brontà « found Emily’s poetry notebooks, and the three sisters discovered each others’ poems. They selected poems from their collections for publication, choosing to do so under male pseudonyms. The false names would share their initials: Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell. They assumed that male writers would find easier publication. The poems were published as Poems by Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell in May of 1846 with the help of the inheritance from their aunt.  They did not tell their father or brother of their project.  The book only initially sold two copies, but got positive reviews, which encouraged them. The sisters began preparing novels for publication. Charlotte wrote The Professor, perhaps imagining a better relationship with her friend, the Brussels schoolmaster.  Emily wrote  Wuthering Heights, adapted from the Gondal stories, and  Anne wrote Agnes Grey, rooted in her experiences as a governess. The next year, July 1847, the stories by Emily and Anne, but not Charlotte’s, were accepted for publication, still under the Bell pseudonyms.  They were not actually published immediately, however. Charlotte Brontà « wrote Jane Eyre and offered that to the publisher, ostensibly an autobiography edited by Currer Bell.  The book became a quick hit.  Some surmised from the writing that Currer Bell was a woman, and there was much speculation about who the author might be.  Some critics condemned the relationship between Jane and Rochester as â€Å"improper.† The first page of the Jane Eyre manuscript in Brontes own writing.   Hulton Archive/Getty Images The book, with some revisions, entered a second edition in January 1848, and a third in April of that same year. After Jane Eyre had proven a success, Wuthering Heights and Agnes Grey also were published.  A publisher began advertising the three as a package, suggesting that the three â€Å"brothers† were really a single author.  By that time Anne had also written and published The Tenant of Wildfell Hall. Charlotte and Emily went to London to claim authorship by the sisters, and their identities were made public. Family Tragedy and Later Life Brontà « had begun a new novel, when her brother Branwell, died in April of 1848, probably of tuberculosis. Emily caught what seemed to be a cold at his funeral, and became ill. She declined quickly, refusing medical care until relenting in her last hours.  She died in December.  Then Anne began to show symptoms, though she, after Emily’s experience, did seek medical help.  Brontà « and her friend Ellen Nussey took Anne to Scarborough for a better environment, but Anne died there in May of 1849, less than a month after arriving.   Brontà «, now the last of the siblings to survive, and still living with her father, completed her new novel, Shirley: A Tale, in August, and it was published in October 1849.  In November, she went to London, where she met such figures as William Makepeace Thackeray, Harriet Martineau, and Elizabeth Glaskell. She began corresponding with many of her new acquaintances and friends and refused another offer of marriage. She republished Wuthering Heights and Agnes Grey in December 1850, with a biographical note clarifying who her sisters, the authors, really were. The characterization of her sisters as the impractical but caring Emily and the self-denying, reclusive, not so original Anne, tended to persist once those impressions became public.  Brontà « heavily edited her sisters’ work, even while claiming to be advocating truthfulness about them.  She suppressed the publication of Anne’s Tenant of Wildfell Hall, with its portrayal of alcoholism and a woman’s independence. Engraving of Charlotte Bronte, mid 19th century. Stock Montage/Getty Images   Brontà « wrote Villette, publishing it in January of 1853, and split with Harriet Martineau over it, as Martineau disapproved of it. Arthur Bell Nicholls, the Rev. Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s curate, surprised her with a proposal of marriage.  Charlotte’s father disapproved of the proposal, and Nicholls left his post.  She turned down his proposal initially, then began secretly corresponding with him until they became engaged and he returned to Haworth.  They were married on June 29, 1854, and honeymooned in Ireland. Charlotte continued her writing, beginning a new novel, Emma. She also took care of her father at Haworth. She became pregnant the year after her marriage, then found herself extremely ill. She died on March 31, 1855. Her condition was at the time diagnosed as tuberculosis, but some have, much later, speculated that the description of symptom more likely fits the condition hyperemesis gravidarum, essentially an extreme morning sickness with dangerously excessive vomiting. Legacy In 1857, Elizabeth Gaskell published The Life of Charlotte Brontà «, establishing the reputation of Charlotte Brontà « as having suffered from a tragic life.  In 1860, Thackeray published the unfinished Emma.  Ã‚  Her husband helped revise The Professor for publication with the encouragement of Gaskell. Two stories, The Secret and Lily Hart, were not published until 1978. By the end of the 19th century, Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s work was largely out of fashion. Interest revived in the late 20th century.  Jane Eyre has been her most popular work, and has been adapted for stage, film and television and even for ballet and opera. Today, she is one of the most-read authors in the English language. Sources Fraser, Rebecca.  Charlotte Brontà «: A Writers Life  (2nd ed.). New York: Pegasus Books LLC, 2008.Miller, Lucasta.  The Brontà « Myth. London: Vintage, 2002.Paddock, Lisa; Rollyson, Carl.  The Brontà «s A to Z. New York: Facts on File, 2003.

The Issue Of Breast Cancer - 1233 Words

Frame: Issue To hear the word cancer come out of a providers mouth can be one of the scariest times of anyone life. So many questions pop into ones head, what do I have or how did I get it, and what do I do know. Breast and cervical cancer are two of the most common cancers diagnosed in women worldwide (Siegel, Miller, Jemal, 2015). Breast cancer starts to develop when cells in the breast start to grow out of control and form tumors (American Cancer Society , 2015). The population that breast cancer effects is women, even though men can develop breast cancer too it is not nearly as common as women (American Cancer Society , 2015). In fact breast cancer is so common in women that 1 in 8 women in the United states will have developed breast cancer at some point in their lives (American Cancer Society , 2015). Women who are between the ages of 20-59 years old are often the population who die from breast cancer, 1 in 36 women in this age group will have died from breast cancer (Siegel, et al., 2015). Statistics show that white women have the highest incidence rates of breast cancer out of any of the other races and ethnicities (Siegel, et al., 2015). However, African American women have higher death rates from breast cancer than any other race (American Cancer Society , 2015). This difference in races can contribute to many fact that African American women usually do not have the health insurance or the right health education to inform them about the risks of breast cancer,Show MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Breast Cancer830 Words   |  4 PagesBackground: The issue of breast cancer affecting many individuals is a growing one. At the present time period it is now found that one in every eight women will be told they have breast cancer (â€Å"National Breast Cancer Foundation†, 2012). 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Purchasing And Material Management Of Business - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about thePurchasing and material management ofa business. Answer: Introduction The report focuses on the concept of early supplier involvement in the business world. Early Supplier Involvement is used to define the collaboration between supply chain partners and manufacturers at the initial stage of product development (Brindley, 2017). The reason for choosing this topic is to understand the benefits that a business may encounter if the suppliers are involvement from the initial stage before the development of a product. The study can help in understanding the theories involved in the supply chain and the results that are normally derived by a manufacturer. The report can help in comparing the difference between involvements of suppliers at an early stage with that of the involvement at a later stage. The report focuses on reviews by scholars and identifies models involved in understanding the topic. The methods used for gathering data has highlighted that help in deriving the result. The discussion related to findings and the implications are mentioned in the report. Concept of Early Supplier Involvement In the modern day, every business organisation wants to gain a competitive advantage in the market. This needs to be done by formulating strategies that are required for conducting the business in a proper manner. According to Menguc, Auh Yannopoulos, (2014), Early Supplier Involvement (ESI) is one such strategy that is adopted by managers in order to promote a product before its release. This promotion is done by involving the stakeholders that have considerable interest in the company. The stakeholders involve the customers, suppliers and the manufacturers. The early involvement of the stakeholders provides various advantages to the business. One such advantage is the better quality of products. Preview about the process used for product development is provided at an early stage to the stakeholders. This provides an opportunity to entertain ideas about the ways by which a product can be improved. The quality of a product can be improved depending upon the needs and wants of the customers. Keeping this in mind, the cost of the product can also be reduced. In the opinion of Yurtkulu, Hilletofth Johansson, (2014), the involvement of manufacturers reduce the cost of manufacturing the product. Subsequently, the final price of the product is also reduced. The product life cycle is also reduced which can help in the rapid development of the product. However, there are certain challenges as well. The basic challenge that every manager faces is the implementation of the system. Most of the employees believe that involvement of manufacturers and customers can result in the failure of the product (Sarang et al., (2016). This is mainly because of the loss of the surprise element that at times can attract the customers. Importance of Early Supplier Involvement In order to develop a product in a manner the customers can use, certain specifications are required to be maintained. These specifications can at times be complicated for the engineers designing the product. Hence, the involvement of suppliers can reduce the burden of calculating the specifications and gathering resources one at a time. According to Roh, Hong Min, (2014), the involvement of suppliers in ESI is an important factor for the company. Apart from this, the change in process is another factor that is important for the implementation of ESI. In earlier times, the suppliers were not involved in product development. Hence, the process used for manufacturing a product was lengthy. The involvement of suppliers after the designing of the product proved to have a negative factor as in most times there remained discrepancies in the product. However, with the involvement in the initial stage, such discrepancies can be avoided (Zhao, Cavusgil Cavusgil, 2014). Based on the quality of the products that are being manufactured the inventory can also be controlled. This provides an opportunity to manage the inventory and make a place for involving new products (Luzzini et al., 2015). Thus, the importance of ESI can be attributed to reducing the number of flaws that an engineer may commit while designing a product. Early Supplier Involvement in new product development According to Yeniyurt, Henke Yalcinkaya (2014), long-term relationship with the customers is required in order to maintain the supply chain of a company. Cooperation between the suppliers and the customers can help in the sales of the products and provide the company with an added advantage. Hence, while developing a new product, it is necessary that the opinions of the customers be taken into consideration. This can be done by providing the customers with feedback forms that can help in understanding the tastes and preferences of the customers. The ways by which the customers remain involved in the business is indicative of the level of expectations that exist in the business. Pystynen (2016) stated that the dependence structure followed by the customers have a considerable influence in the supply chain. Apart from this, the involvement of suppliers can also lead to the increase in profit. This can be done by proving proper knowledge about the ways by which the products can be manufactured. The manufacturing cost is reduced which makes it possible for setting up a reasonable price for the customers. Thus, it can be said that in order to develop and launch a new product, the involvement of the suppliers is important (Monczka et al., 2015). The new product development method involves five steps that help in the involvement of the suppliers. Figure 1: Process of developing new product (Source: Yue Jing, 2015) Early Supplier Involvement and Resource Dependency Theory In the modern world, Resource Dependency Theory (RDT) has become influential in understanding organisational and strategic management theories. Rossignoli Ricciardi, (2015) is of the opinion that the need for support from external sources is required by every organisation. In the course of this assistance, the organisations become dependent upon the external resources. RDT helps in removing such dependencies by analysing the potential issues that may arise in the organisation. RDT helps in creating an innovative atmosphere that helps enterprises to continue the current task. According to Jones et al., (2016), the use of this theory can help in gaining a competitive advantage for an organisation. Therefore, the link between ESI and RDT can be well established from the fact that the introduction of an innovative model can help any organisation to satisfy customers. This theory can particularly be used in the case of developing new products. In this regard, it can be said that the profitability of the enterprises depend on the techniques used for innovation and the dependence it has on the external factors (Craib, 2015). Hence, an organisation needs to maintain a future course of action in order to ensure that the profitability is maintained. The building of social relationships can also help in the development of resources. This is because, with the involvement of people from various sectors, the designing of products can be made in an effective manner. Hence, this theory can help in the effective involvement of suppliers and contribute to improving the quality of the product. Early Supplier Involvement and Social Exchange Theory According to Christopher, (2016), Social Exchange Theory (SET) is important to understand the decision-making issues that a purchaser normally faces. In order to make an assessment regarding the product that needs to be purchased, decision-making is important considering various elements. The elements include planning of the demand, analysing the strategy, analyse the strategy adopted by the supplier and the awards or rewards that may be obtained. It has been observed that SET is applicable while trying to analyse the strategies adopted by the suppliers. This can be done by establishing a long-term relationship with the suppliers, gaining the trust and remaining committed to a certain level of purchase. In the light of this statement, it can be said that the application of SET is an important in order to improve the buyer and supplier relationship (Stadtler, 2015). This helps in increasing the performance of the organisation. The involvement of suppliers at the initial stage is usefu l for maintaining the relationship with the suppliers. This is because SET helps in analysing the potential benefits and pitfalls before making a decision. This is an important part of an organisation as the decisions involved may lead to the proper execution of the product and services. Apart from this, Wisner, Tan Leong, (2014) stated that social exchange also involves the analysis of the outcome by calculating the rewards from the cost involved. This is indicative of the fact that people willing to make social exchanges weigh the difference between the cost factor and the reward factor. Hypothesis and gaps After analysing the theories and the models that involved in the involvement of suppliers in the early stages of production, a possible hypothesis can be gathered. The theories provided are indicative of the fact that in the modern business world, the implication of ESI can help an organisation to develop in an effective manner (He et al., 2014). The benefits that are involved in the application of the technique signify that the use of the technique can help identifying flaws in the organisational context. However, Jean, Sinkovics Hiebaum, (2014) stated that the relation between the suppliers and designers need to be involved more in the organisational context. Another important thing that the theories failed to deliver was the fact that the use of ESI in the modern day is in contrast with that involved in earlier times. The relation to change in a manufacturing process is a huge bonus for organisations that involve in profit-making objectives and customer satisfaction (Pulles, Veld man Schiele, 2014). Thus, the application of such information can help in understanding the ways by which ESI is applicable in the modern world. Apart from this, the theories can be used in order to come to a relevant conclusion and findings that help in the implication of ESI in the business. Research method In order to conduct the research in a successful manner, the researcher has adopted certain methods to collect data. The secondary method of collecting data has been chosen in order to understand the concept of ESI and its importance in business. The secondary data can help in understanding the concept in a broad manner and suggest ways to make improvements. Based on these findings can also be derived that are essential for the research. The researcher used information from books, journals and websites in order to gain the necessary details concerning the topic. Analysis on the theoretical aspect is done in order to develop the idea of the concept in a broader manner. The resources used for collecting data are the reviews and opinions of renowned scholars. The reason for choosing this source is to understand the opinions of the scholars and help in the development of a proper knowledge about the topic. Findings From the analysis of the literature review, it can be said that the use of ESI in the modern business has influenced a lot of change in the business world. Reports claim that most significant changes have been seen in organisations that specialise in manufacturing cars and other technologies. Such a detail is evidenced by the fact that the involvement of suppliers has helped in reducing callbacks of the cars considerably in the past year. It has been seen that about 15% of the automobile industries have applied the process and have managed to reduce the callbacks. However, some automobile industries have failed to use the system in an effective manner. The literature review also provides an understanding of the models that are required to maintain proper manufacturing of a product. These models are used along with the ESI in order to understand the ways by which an organisation can be impacted. The conservation of resources has made about 2% production houses to engage in sustainabil ity of the environment. The completion of the literature review also helped to identify the potential areas that need improvement. The supplier and designer relation need to be analysed in order to understand the level of collaboration among the employees. Evidence shows there has been a rise by 4% of the sale of goods from small enterprises due to the use of ESI method. It has also been seen that the managing of resources needs to be done in order to avoid any potential dependent on the external environment. The following part provides the discussions of the findings. Discussion of findings From the findings, it can be said that the use of ESI in business can help in the development of competitive advantage in the market. The involvement of the suppliers can bring about expertise for the management and designing of the products. This can help in reducing any discrepancies in the work place. The application of RDT and SET is useful in engaging the suppliers. This is because with the application of proper resources in the business, it can be easy for organisations to maintain track of the level of expertise required. It can also help in maintaining sustainability in the business as evidence from the findings. The literature review also suggests that the use of SET can help in determining the advantages of a particular business. In this regard, the decisions taken by the managers can be influenced by the application of SET during the involvement of suppliers. The advantages of such an involvement can help in reducing many mistakes that can occur. The advice from experience d people can bring about knowledge for the designers. RDT can reduce the dependency of the external resources. Thus, the implications of these findings can help an organisation in every way. However, in certain areas, the application of this cannot be implemented properly. Implication of findings The findings suggest that the use of ESI has not been implemented in emerging markets of the world. The implication of ESI in business markets in Brazil, India, Russia, China and South Africa need to be made in order to improve the level of productivity. In the recent areas, these countries have emerged as serious marketing countries in terms of manufacturing of goods and products. However, with backward technology and an unstable economic environment, the countries have been unable to improve the techniques used for product marketing. Apart from this, the lack of ESI in the service industry also needs to be improved. In retail industries, the use of the manufacturing tools needs to make with the application of ESI and its supporting factors. Service industries, like retail stores that manufacture goods, need to implement this in order to maintain the quality of the products and satisfy customers. Conclusion Thus, it can be concluded that involvement of suppliers before the finalisation of products can help an organisation avoid major flaws. The way by which an experienced supplier can guide the designing team can be useful for the employees. In this regard, the application of different theories can also help in developing the concept. However, while conducting the research there have been certain limitations in terms of a gathering of data. This is mainly because of the fact that the research is based on secondary data and recent implications in business in the last 25 years were difficult to find. In the modern world, the implication of this strategy in the service sectors has been limited. The future scope of the research is the study of ESI in the service industry. The impact creates in the emerging market can also be a course of study for the future. Reference Brindley, C. (Ed.). (2017).Supply chain risk. Taylor Francis. Christopher, M. (2016).Logistics supply chain management. Pearson UK. Craib, I. (2015).Modern social theory. Routledge. He, Y., Lai, K. K., Sun, H., Chen, Y. (2014). The impact of supplier integration on customer integration and new product performance: the mediating role of manufacturing flexibility under trust theory.International Journal of Production Economics,147, 260-270. Jean, R. J., Sinkovics, R. R., Hiebaum, T. P. (2014). The effects of supplier involvement and knowledge protection on product innovation in customersupplier relationships: a study of global automotive suppliers.Journal of Product Innovation Management,31(1), 98-113. Jones, T. M., Donaldson, T., Freeman, R. E., Harrison, J. S., Leana, C. R., Mahoney, J. T., Pearce, J. L. (2016). Management theory and social welfare: Contributions and challenges. Luzzini, D., Amann, M., Caniato, F., Essig, M., Ronchi, S. (2015). The path of innovation: purchasing and supplier involvement into new product development.Industrial Marketing Management,47, 109-120. Menguc, B., Auh, S., Yannopoulos, P. (2014). Customer and supplier involvement in design: The moderating role of incremental and radical innovation capability.Journal of Product Innovation Management,31(2), 313-328. Monczka, R. M., Handfield, R. B., Giunipero, L. C., Patterson, J. L. (2015).Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning. Pulles, N. J., Veldman, J., Schiele, H. (2014). Identifying innovative suppliers in business networks: An empirical study.Industrial Marketing Management,43(3), 409-418. Pystynen, H. (2016). Purchasers role in the early supplier involvement: a case study of an automotive tier 1 company. Roh, J., Hong, P. Min, H., (2014). Implementation of a responsive supply chain strategy in global complexity: The case of manufacturing firms.International Journal of Production Economics,147, 198-210. Rossignoli, C., Ricciardi, F. (2015). Theories Explaining Inter-Organizational Relationships in Terms of Coordination and Control Needs. InInter-Organizational Relationships(pp. 7-36). Springer International Publishing. Sarang, J. P., Bhasin, H. V., Verma, R., Kharat, M. G. (2016). Critical Success Factors for Supplier Development and Buyer Supplier Relationship: Exploratory Factor Analysis.International Journal of Strategic Decision Sciences (IJSDS),7(1), 18-38. Stadtler, H. (2015). Supply chain management: An overview. InSupply chain management and advanced planning. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Wisner, J. D., Tan, K. C., Leong, G. K. (2014).Principles of supply chain management: A balanced approach. Cengage Learning. Yeniyurt, S., Henke, J. W., Yalcinkaya, G. (2014). 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Freedom Of Expression And Democracy †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Freedom Of Expression And Democracy. Answer: Introduction According to Article 19, the Freedom of speech is the principle which includes the freedom set for an individual or the community. This is mainly to articulate the opinions with better ideas which are set without any fear related to the realization, censorship, and the sanctions. The freedom of expression states that everyone shall have the right to hold the opinions without any interference, with freedom to seek, receive and then impart information of all kinds (Hughes, 2015). This is regardless of the frontiers which are set orally or in the printing form. The special duties and the responsibilities are subjected to certain restrictions which are important for the rights or reputation of the other people. The fundamental right is restricted mainly in the form of tactics that include the censorship and the other restrictive press legislation with harassment of journalists, who voice their opinions. Thesis statement The freedom of expression is the purpose for which the power can rightly be exercised over the members of the community to prevent harm to the people. Discussion According to the efforts included to create the legal mechanism banning language with defamatory of religions to UN Council in Geneva, there is a need to educate the member states on the key freedom of expression (Stewart, 2017). The Article 19 tends to monitor the threats which are set to free expression with adopting the laws that conform to the international standards of freedom of expression. The article clearly depicts about the individuals or the groups who have been violated and they tend to provide the capacity building support for the non-governmental organizations as well (Tuinman Ten Hoorn, 2017). The idea for the offense principle is to justify the speech limitations which are set in the form of expressions that are offensive to the society. The consideration is about the changing time and applications wherein free communication of ideas and opinions is important for maintaining the rights of man. Evaluation Analysis This is to understand the fundamentals in a democracy where the norms are set for limiting the expression which might not be completely suppressed mainly in emergency times. Hence, the notable fact is about the self-government by the people. For such a system, it is important to work with an informed electorate. There shall be no constraints on the information flow and the respective ideas (Stone, 2017). The citizens include the right to seek information, receive and impart information and ideas. The expression is then closely related to the other rights which can be limited with conflicting to the other rights. The right to freedom of expression is the right to the fair trial and the proceeding of the court which limits the access for proper information search. One needs to determine the right to privacy and reputation of others. This is important for media which plays an important role and as a bearer for the general rights to freedom of expression. The conditions are outlined with constrained freedom of speech where media encompasses and suppressed information in freedom of speech. The degree is defined to work on different approaches to issues like the hate speech, obscenity and the definition of the laws which could be seen in the democracies which are liberal. Everyone has the right to give their opinion and express themselves according to Article 19. Conclusion The democracy will not be true if deal is in power to manipulate the electorate, by withholding information and stifling the criticism (Jelen et al., 2017). With the freedom of expression campaign, the individuals need to employ advocacy with financial support and the technical assistance to support efforts done by the local free expressions. It includes the advocacy to oppose or overturn the laws of media that tend to restrict the journalists. References Hughes, P., 2015. Freedom of speech.Pointers: Bulletin of the Christian Research Association,25(1), p.8. Jelen, T.G., Lewis, A.R. and Djupe, P.A., 2017. Freedom of Religion and Freedom of Speech: The Effects of Alternative Rights Frames on Mass Support for Public Exemptions.Journal of Church and State, p.csw101. Stewart, D. R. (2017). Free Speech Unfree News: The Paradox of Press Freedom in America.Journalism History,43(1), 56. Stone, A. (2017). Viewpoint Discrimination, Hate Speech Laws, and the Double-Sided Nature of Freedom of Speech.Const. Comment.,32, 687. Tuinman, P.R. and Ten Hoorn, S., 2017. Freedom of speech for all critically ill patients: work in progress.Critical Care,21(1), p.27.